In multiparty contexts, we know that affective polarization tends to cluster in ideological
blocs, although the factors driving this process are still quite unexplored. In this paper, we …

Affective polarization, a concept that originated in the USA, has increasingly been studied in
Europe's multi-party systems. This form of polarization refers to the extent to which party …

Scholars increasingly raise concerns about the alleged detrimental impact of affective
polarization on citizens' democratic attitudes. Yet, prior studies on the relationship between …

What is the role of elite-level inter-party strategies in promoting or reducing negative
affective evaluations of citizens? This article explores this puzzle by focusing on the decision …

The article consists of three parts. The first contains a theoretical analysis of the
phenomenon of US political polarization and discusses the main approaches to its …

Digital media have changed the way we think about politics. The social media age has
brought a new understanding of political participation: individuals now engage in politics by …

La polarización política ha sido definida como el grado en que los ciudadanos se escudan
ideológicamente de modo inflexible en torno a sus actitudes, valores y creencias …

This issue welcomes a new editorial team for e-Extreme. The new managing editors are:
Fred Paxton, who is pursuing a PhD at the European University Institute with a project on …