Phenotypic plasticity (the ability of a single genotype to produce multiple phenotypes in
response to variation in the environment) is commonplace. Yet its evolutionary significance …

Natural selection commonly drives the origin of species, as Darwin initially claimed.
Mechanisms of speciation by selection fall into two broad categories: ecological and …

In recent years, scientists have realized that evolution can occur on timescales much shorter
than the" long lapse of ages" emphasized by Darwin—in fact, evolutionary change is …

The transition from 'well-marked varieties' of a single species into 'well-defined species'—
especially in the absence of geographic barriers to gene flow (sympatric speciation)—has …

Adaptive radiation plays a fundamental role in our understanding of the evolutionary
process. However, the concept has provoked strong and differing opinions concerning its …

The origin of biological diversity, via the formation of new species, can be inextricably linked
to adaptation to the ecological environment. Specifically, ecological processes are central to …

Fragmentation of animal and plant populations typically leads to genetic erosion and
increased probability of extirpation. Although these effects can usually be reversed by re …

A definitive guide to the depth and breadth of the ecological sciences, revised and updated
The revised and updated fifth edition of Ecology: From Individuals to Ecosystems–now in full …

Similar traits and functions commonly evolve in nature. Here, we explore patterns of
replicated evolution across the plant kingdom and discuss the processes responsible for …

Ecological processes are central to the formation of new species when barriers to gene flow
(reproductive isolation) evolve between populations as a result of ecologically‐based …