In the current study, we introduce a model for the temporal and spatial interactions between
prey and predator. The model incorporates a nonlinear refuge mechanism for prey, along …

In this essay, we introduce a bioeconomic predator–prey model which incorporates the
square root functional response and nonlinear prey harvesting. Due to the introduction of …

The complex dynamics of a predator-prey system in discrete time are studied. In this system,
we consider the prey's Gompertz growth and the square-root functional response. The …

In this paper, the dynamic properties of a fast slow modified Leslie–Gower predator–prey
model with constant harvest are discussed. The results show that the system appears …

The complex dynamics of a slow-fast predator-prey interaction with herd behavior are
examined in this work. We investigate the presence and stability of fixed points. By …

In many environments, predators have significantly longer lives and meet several
generations of prey, or the prey population reproduces rapidly. The slow–fast effect can best …

This paper investigates the dynamics of a discrete-time predator-prey system in which the
prey population is impacted by the Allee effect. Possible fixed points in the system are …

The management of predator-prey systems, particularly those with discontinuous harvesting,
plays a crucial role in maintaining ecological balance and ensuring the sustainable use of …

This work examines a discrete Leslie–Gower predator–prey system with herd behavior,
focusing on the influence of the slow–fast effect on predator dynamics. We analyze the …

In the current work, we develop and analyse a prey–predator model as a semi-Kolmogorov
population model in which the predator has an indirect effect on the prey. The functional …