Prodrugs are molecules with little or no pharmacological activity that are converted to the
active parent drug in vivo by enzymatic or chemical reactions or by a combination of the two …

The release and absorption profile of an oral medication is influenced by the
physicochemical properties of the drug and its formulation, as well as by the anatomy and …

Abstract Three-dimensional printing (3DP) is a highly disruptive technology with the
potential to change the way pharmaceuticals are designed, prescribed and produced …

Introduction: Physiological pH and chemical pKa are two sides of the same coin in defining
the ionization of a drug in the human body. The Henderson-Hasselbalch equation and pH …

The aim of this tutorial is to introduce the concept of physiologically based pharmacokinetic
(PBPK) modeling to individuals in the pharmaceutical industry who may be relatively new to …

The application of physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) modeling has developed
rapidly within the pharmaceutical industry and is becoming an integral part of drug discovery …

This article reviews the major physiological and physicochemical principles of the effect of
food and gastrointestinal (GI) pH on the absorption and bioavailability of oral drugs, and the …

The recent impact of the Biopharmaceutics Classification System (BCS) and the
Biopharmaceutics Drug Disposition Classification System (BDDCS) on relevant scientific …

Introduction: Although significant progress has been made in high-throughput screening of
absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion, and toxicity (ADME-Tox) properties in …

Physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) modeling and simulation is a tool that can
help predict the pharmacokinetics of drugs in humans and evaluate the effects of intrinsic …