Protein handling, modification and folding in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) are tightly
regulated processes that determine cell function, fate and survival. In several tumour types …

Autophagy is a regulated mechanism that removes unnecessary or dysfunctional cellular
components and recycles metabolic substrates. In response to stress signals in the tumour …

Autophagy, a multistep lysosomal degradation pathway that supports nutrient recycling and
metabolic adaptation, has been implicated as a process that regulates cancer. Although …

Over the past few decades, substantial evidence has convincingly revealed the existence of
cancer stem cells (CSCs) as a minor subpopulation in cancers, contributing to an aberrantly …

The integrated stress response (ISR) is an evolutionarily conserved intra-cellular signaling
network which is activated in response to intrinsic and extrinsic stresses. Various stresses …

Cancer cells encounter numerous stresses that pose a threat to their survival. Tumor
microenviroment stresses that perturb protein homeostasis can produce endoplasmic …

Cancer treatment with either standard chemotherapy or targeted agents often results in the
emergence of drug-refractory cell populations, ultimately leading to therapy failure. The …

Autophagy is a cellular homeostasis mechanism that fuels the proliferation and survival of
advanced cancers by degrading and recycling organelles and proteins. Preclinical studies …

Macroautophagy/autophagy is primarily accountable for the degradation of damaged
organelles and toxic macromolecules in the cells. Regarding the essential function of …

The tumor microenvironment (TME) provokes endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress in
malignant cells and infiltrating immune populations. Sensing and responding to ER stress is …