Calcium (Ca) is a universal intracellular second messenger. In muscle, Ca is best known for
its role in contractile activation. However, in recent years the critical role of Ca in other …

Many signals have risen and fallen in the tide of investigation into mechanisms of
myocardial hypertrophy and heart failure (HF). In our opinion, the multifunctional Ca and …

Understanding relationships between heart failure and arrhythmias, important causes of
suffering and sudden death, remains an unmet goal for biomedical researchers and …

About 10 distinct potassium channels in the heart are involved in shaping the action
potential. Some of the K+ channels are primarily responsible for early repolarization …

Rapidly activating and inactivating cardiac transient outward K+ currents, Ito, are expressed
in most mammalian cardiomyocytes, and contribute importantly to the early phase of action …

The light responses of rod and cone photoreceptors have been studied
electrophysiologically for decades, largely with ex vivo approaches that disrupt the …

This paper is the outcome of the fourth UC Davis Systems Approach to Understanding
Cardiac Excitation–Contraction Coupling and Arrhythmias Symposium, a biannual event …

Calcium/calmodulin-dependent kinase II (CaMKII) is a multifunctional serine/threonine
kinase expressed abundantly in the heart. CaMKII targets numerous proteins involved in …

Background—Potassium currents contribute to action potential duration (APD) and
arrhythmogenesis. In heart failure, Ca/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) is …

Capsaicin is a naturally occurring alkaloid derived from chili pepper that is responsible for its
hot pungent taste. Capsaicin is known to exert multiple pharmacological actions, including …