Cardiac fibrosis is mediated by the activation of resident cardiac fibroblasts, which
differentiate into myofibroblasts in response to injury or stress. Although myofibroblast …

Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), the most common form of idiopathic interstitial
pneumonia, is a progressive, irreversible, and typically lethal disease characterized by an …

The autophagic pathway involves the encapsulation of substrates in double-membraned
vesicles, which are subsequently delivered to the lysosome for enzymatic degradation and …

Macrophages play an important role in the innate and adaptive immune responses of organ
systems, including the lungs, to particles and pathogens. Cumulative results show that …

Diabetic kidney disease (DKD), as the most common complication of diabetes mellitus (DM),
is the major cause of end-stage renal disease (ESRD). Renal interstitial fibrosis is a crucial …

The female ovary contains a finite number of oocytes, and their release at ovulation
becomes sporadic and disordered with aging and with obesity, leading to loss of fertility …

Although fibrosis is a common pathological feature of most end-stage organ diseases, its
pathogenesis remains unclear. There is growing evidence that mitochondrial dysfunction …

Pirfenidone (PFD) is a pharmacological compound with therapeutic efficacy in idiopathic
pulmonary fibrosis. It has been chiefly characterized as an antifibrotic agent, although it was …

Cystic Fibrosis (CF) is a genetic disorder that arises due to mutations in the Cystic Fibrosis
Transmembrane Conductance Regulator gene, which encodes for a protein responsible for …

Healthy mitochondrial function is imperative for most tissues, but especially those with a high
energy demand. Robust evidence linking mitochondrial dysfunction with cardiovascular …