Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic relapsing–remitting systemic disease of the
gastrointestinal tract, characterized by an inflammatory process that requires lifelong …

Entry of bacteria into host cells is an important virulence mechanism. Through peptidoglycan
recognition, the nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain (NOD) proteins NOD1 and …

NOD1 and NOD2 are related intracellular sensors of bacterial peptidoglycan and belong to
the Nod-like receptor (NLR) family of innate immune proteins that play fundamental and …

Until recently, necrosis is generally regarded as traumatic cell death due to mechanical
shear stress or other physicochemical factors, while apoptosis is commonly thought to be …

Defining the etiology of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) continues to elude researchers, in
part due to the possibility that there may be different triggers for a spectrum of disease …

The innate immune system is composed of a wide repertoire of conserved pattern
recognition receptors (PRRs) able to trigger inflammation and host defense mechanisms in …

The aetiology and pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) remains unclear but
involves a complex interplay between genetic risk, environmental exposures, the immune …

A strong correlation exists between inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and oxidative stress
involving alterations of several key signaling pathways. It is known that methionine promotes …

Memory T cells are primed for rapid responses to Ag; however, the molecular mechanisms
responsible for priming remain incompletely defined. CpG methylation in promoters is an …

Mutations in nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-containing protein 2 (NOD2) cause
Blau syndrome, an inflammatory disorder characterized by uveitis. The antimicrobial …