The glycocalyx, a thick layer of carbohydrates, surrounds the cell wall of most bacterial and
parasitic pathogens. Recognition of these unique glycans by the human immune system …

This paper attempts to summarize current knowledge about immune responses to vaccines
that correlate with protection. Although the immune system is redundant, almost all current …

Background Natural history studies have correlated serotype-specific anti–capsular
polysaccharide (CPS) IgG in newborns with a reduced risk of group B streptococcal disease …

Correlates of protection for COVID-19 vaccines are urgently needed to license additional
vaccines. We measured immune responses to four COVID-19 vaccines of proven efficacy …

Background Pneumococcal conjugate vaccines are an expensive component of the routine
immunization schedule. Fractional-dose regimens may be one option to increase the …

Background Efficacy of the 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV13) was
inferred before licensure from an aggregate correlate of protection established for the seven …

In response to the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2)
pandemic, over 200 vaccine candidates against coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-2019) …

A major diagnostic intervention in the consideration of many patients suspected to have
primary immunodeficiency diseases (PIDDs) is the application and interpretation of …

The immune system is redundant, and B and T cells collaborate. However, almost all current
vaccines work through induction of antibodies in serum or on mucosa that block infection or …

SUMMARY On February 24, 2010, a 13-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide-protein
conjugate vaccine (PCV13 [Prevnar 13, Wyeth Pharmaceuticals Inc., marketed by Pfizer …