Cells are continually exposed to reactive oxygen species (ROS) generated during cellular
metabolism. Apoptosis, necrosis, and autophagy are biological processes involving a …

Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a leading cause of blindness. It has long been regarded as
vascular disease, but work in the past years has shown abnormalities also in the neural …

Diabetic retinopathy is one of the most serious microvascular complications induced by
hyperglycemia via five major pathways, including polyol, hexosamine, protein kinase C, and …

It is now accepted that nutrient abundance in the blood, especially glucose, leads to the
generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), ultimately leading to increased oxidative …

Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a complication of diabetes. Several studies have implicated
oxidative stress as a fundamental factor in the progression of the disease. The nuclear factor …

Peroxisomes carry out many key functions related to lipid and reactive oxygen species
(ROS) metabolism. The fundamental importance of peroxisomes for health in humans is …

Müller glial cells (MGC s) are known to participate actively in retinal development and to
contribute to homoeostasis through many intracellular mechanisms. As there are no …

The development of nanomedicines for the treatment of neurodegenerative disorders
demands innovative nanoarchitectures for combined loading of multiple neuroprotective …

Accumulating evidence indicates that peroxisome functioning, catalase localization, and
cellular oxidative balance are intimately interconnected. Nevertheless, it remains largely …

Background/aims Dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP4) inhibitors improve glycemic control in type
2 diabetes, however, their influence on the retinal neurovascular unit remains unclear …