The alternating-laser excitation (ALEX) scheme continues to expand the possibilities of
fluorescence-based assays to study biological entities and interactions. Especially the …

Over the past years, bottom-up bionanotechnology has been developed as a promising tool
for future technological applications. Many of these biomolecule-based assemblies are …

Advanced microscopy methods allow obtaining information on (dynamic) conformational
changes in biomolecules via measuring a single molecular distance in the structure. It is …

ClpX, a AAA+ ring homohexamer, uses the energy of ATP binding and hydrolysis to power
conformational changes that unfold and translocate target proteins into the ClpP peptidase …

Precision measurement is a hallmark of physics but the small length scale (∼ nanometer) of
elementary biological components and thermal fluctuations surrounding them challenge our …

Large multi-protein complexes play important roles in many biological processes, including
DNA replication and repair, transcription, and signal transduction. One of the challenges in …

Time-resolved studies of quantum systems are the key to understanding quantum dynamics
at its core. The real-time measurement of individual quantum numbers as they switch …

An ideal point light source is as small and as bright as possible. For fluorescent point light
sources, homogeneity of the light sources is important as well as that the fluorescent units …

Y-family DNA polymerases, such as polymerase η, polymerase ι, and polymerase κ,
catalyze the bypass of DNA damage during translesion synthesis. These enzymes are …

The achievable time resolution of camera-based single-molecule detection is often limited
by the frame rate of the camera. Especially in experiments utilizing single-molecule Förster …