Turtles and tortoises (chelonians) have been integral components of global ecosystems for
about 220 million years and have played important roles in human culture for at least …

This review discusses the general principles underlying responsible antibiotic usage in
reptiles. Very little evidence underlies antibiotic usage in reptiles, and there are no …

The Anthropocene is tightly associated with a drastic loss of species worldwide and the
disappearance of their key ecosystem functions. The orders Testudines (turtles and …

A respiratory disease syndrome has been observed in large numbers of wild shingleback
lizards (Tiliqua rugosa) admitted to wildlife care facilities in the Perth metropolitan region of …

Agassiz's desert tortoise (Gopherus agassizii), a threatened species of the southwestern
United States, has severely declined to the point where 76% of populations in critical habitat …

Most directly transmitted infections require some form of close contact between infectious
and susceptible hosts to spread. Often disease models assume contacts are equal and use …

Conservation efforts are investigating the impact of diseases within a species of interest,
including prevalence and transmission and morbidity and mortality rates. However, the …

For several species, refuges (such as burrows, dens, roosts, nests) are an essential
resource for protection from predators and extreme environmental conditions. Refuges also …

Studies have suggested a role for natural seasonal change to drive patterns of disease,
especially within ectothermic vertebrates. In light of recent climate change, it is important to …

Multisystemic infections with a morphologically unusual bacterium were first observed in
captive critically endangered Lister's geckos (Lepidodactylus listeri) on Christmas Island in …