The serotonergic modulation of feeding behaviour has been intensively studied in several
invertebrate groups, including Arthropoda, Annelida, Nematoda and Mollusca. These …

This review article highlights the historical developments and current state of knowledge of
an important neuromodulation technology: low-intensity focused ultrasound. Because …

Rhythmic behaviors (eg, walking, breathing, and chewing) are produced by central pattern
generator (CPG) circuits. These circuits are highly dynamic due to a multitude of input they …

Mechanosensory cells in the leech share several common features with mechanoreceptors
in the human glabrous skin. Previous studies showed that the six T (touch) cells in each …

Hirudo nipponia, a blood-sucking leech native to East Asia, possesses a rich repertoire of
active ingredients in its saliva, showcasing significant medical potential due to its …

The invertebrate leech Hirudo verbana represents a powerful experimental animal model for
improving the knowledge about the functional interaction between the extracellular matrix …

Background While leeches in the genus Hirudo have long been models for neurobiology,
the molecular underpinnings of nervous system structure and function in this group remain …

Despite extensive investigation focused on both the molecular characteristics and the
expression level of Toll-like receptors (TLRs) during the inflammatory response in …

Comparisons of multiple metazoan genomes have revealed the existence of ancestral
linkage groups (ALGs), genomic scaffolds sharing sets of orthologous genes that have been …

The nervous system of the medicinal leech (Hirudo species) has often provided elegant
solutions to long-standing questions in the field of locomotor control. Such outcomes stem …