Chronic kidney disease (CKD) has been recognized as a leading public health problem
worldwide. The global estimated prevalence of CKD is 13.4%(11.7–15.1%), and patients …

Extracellular vesicles are cell-derived membrane particles ranging from 30 to 5,000 nm in
size, including exosomes, microvesicles, and apoptotic bodies. They are released under …

Rationale: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is characterized by increased incidence
of microthrombosis with hyperactive platelets sporadically containing viral RNA. It is unclear …

The delivery of therapeutics to the central nervous system remains a major challenge in part
due to the presence of the blood–brain barrier (BBB). Recently, cell-derived vesicles …

Extracellular vesicles, such as exosomes and microvesicles, are host cell-derived packages
of information that allow cell–cell communication and enable cells to rid themselves of …

Recently, extracellular vesicles (EVs), like exosomes and microvesicles, have attracted
attention as potent carriers of intercellular communication throughout the body, including the …

Microvesicles are members of the family of extracellular vesicles shed from the plasma
membrane of activated or apoptotic cells. Microvesicles were initially characterised by their …

Membrane microparticles are submicron fragments of membrane shed into extracellular
space from cells under conditions of stress/injury. They may be distinguished from other …

Highlights•There are two types of extracellular vesicles (EVs): the submicron-size
microparticles and the nanometer-size exosomes.•EVs are generated from mammalian cells …

Microvesicles (MVs) circulating in the blood are small vesicles (100–1,000 nm in diameter)
derived from membrane blebs of cells such as activated platelets, endothelial cells, and …