The tumor microenvironment consists of a multiplicity of cells such as cancer cells,
fibroblasts, endothelial cells, and immune cells within the specific parenchyma. It has been …

Exosomes are small vesicles of endosomal origin that are released by almost all cell types,
even those that are pathologically altered. Exosomes widely participate in cell-to-cell …

Brain metastases are the most severe tumorous spread during breast cancer disease. They
are associated with a limited quality of life and a very poor overall survival. A subtype of …

Background As a kind of small membrane vesicles, exosomes are secreted by most cell
types from multivesicular endosomes, including tumor cells. The relationship between …

Breast cancer metastatic progression to critical secondary sites is the second leading cause
of cancer-related mortality in women. While existing therapies are highly effective in …

Breast cancer (BC) is reported to be the leading cause of mortality in females worldwide. At
the beginning of the year 2021, about 7.8 million women were diagnosed with BC in past 5 …

Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a heterogeneous and invasive breast cancer (BC)
subtype that is estrogen receptor-negative, progesterone receptor-negative, and human …

Simple Summary Breast cancer prevalence is a major challenge worldwide due to the lack
of early diagnostics and treatment modalities. In this era of technological advancements …

Purpose Preliminary reports suggest that extracellular vesicles (EVs) might be a promising
biomarker for breast cancer (BC). However, the quantification of plasmatic levels of EVs is a …

Specific tumor-derived extracellular vesicles, called exosomes, are considered as potential
key players in cross-talk between immune system and tumor microenvironment in several …