Deep brain stimulation (DBS) is a new therapeutic approach for treatment-resistant
depression (TRD). There is a preliminary evidence of the efficacy and safety of DBS for TRD …

The medial forebrain bundle—a white matter pathway projecting from the ventral tegmental
area—is a structure that has been under a lot of scrutinies recently due to its implications in …

Many rodent species emit and detect vocalizations in the ultrasonic range. Rats use three
classes of ultrasonic vocalizations depending on developmental stage, experience and the …

Deep brain stimulation (DBS) in psychiatric illnesses has been clinically tested over the past
20 years. The clinical application of DBS to the superolateral branch of the medial forebrain …

The cortico-striatal-pallidal-thalamic and limbic circuits are suggested to play a crucial role in
the pathophysiology of depression. Stimulation of deep brain targets might improve …

Mood disorders, including depressive and bipolar disorders, are the group of psychiatric
disorders with the highest prevalence and disease burden. However, their pathophysiology …

Objective Major depression affects millions of people worldwide and has important social
and economic consequences. Since up to 30% of patients do not respond to several lines of …

Our previous studies have indicated that depression and declined cognition have been
involved in some neurodegenerative diseases including Stroke, Parkinson's diseases and …

Chronic pain and depression are highly prevalent pathologies and cause a major
socioeconomic burden to society. Chronic pain affects the emotional state of the individuals …

Background Deep brain stimulation (DBS) delivered to the ventromedial prefrontal cortex
(vmPFC) induces antidepressant-and anxiolytic-like responses in various animal models …