The predominantly animal-centric approach of chemical safety assessment has increasingly
come under pressure. Society is questioning overall performance, sustainability, continued …

Safety sciences must cope with uncertainty of models and results as well as information
gaps. Acknowledging this uncertainty necessitates embracing probabilities and accepting …

The long-term investment in new approach methodologies (NAMs) within the EU and other
parts of the world is beginning to result in an emerging consensus of how to use information …

Chemical risk assessments follow a long-standing paradigm that integrates hazard, dose–
response, and exposure information to facilitate quantitative risk characterization. Targeted …

Several neonicotinoids have recently been shown to activate the nicotinic acetylcholine
receptor (nAChR) on human neurons. Moreover, imidacloprid (IMI) and other members of …

Neonicotinoid pesticides, originally developed to target the insect nervous system, have
been reported to interact with human receptors and to activate rodent neurons. Therefore …

Rodent cancer bioassays have been long-required studies for regulatory assessment of
human cancer hazard and risk. These studies use hundreds of animals, are resource …

Cosmetic products need to have a proven efficacy combined with a comprehensive
toxicological assessment. Before the current Cosmetic regulation N° 1223/2009, the 7th …

Abstract The EU's REACH (Registration, Evaluation, Authorisation and Restriction of
Chemicals) Regulation requires animal testing only as a last resort. However, our study …

Abstract In 2016, the European Commission launched the EU-ToxRisk research project to
develop and promote animal-free approaches in toxicology. The 36 partners of this …