An assessment of Earth's climate sensitivity using multiple lines of evidence
We assess evidence relevant to Earth's equilibrium climate sensitivity per doubling of
atmospheric CO2, characterized by an effective sensitivity S. This evidence includes …
atmospheric CO2, characterized by an effective sensitivity S. This evidence includes …
Beyond equilibrium climate sensitivity
Equilibrium climate sensitivity characterizes the Earth's long-term global temperature
response to increased atmospheric CO2 concentration. It has reached almost iconic status …
response to increased atmospheric CO2 concentration. It has reached almost iconic status …
The GFDL Earth System Model version 4.1 (GFDL‐ESM 4.1): Overall coupled model description and simulation characteristics
We describe the baseline coupled model configuration and simulation characteristics of
GFDL's Earth System Model Version 4.1 (ESM4. 1), which builds on component and coupled …
GFDL's Earth System Model Version 4.1 (ESM4. 1), which builds on component and coupled …
Earth system modeling 2.0: A blueprint for models that learn from observations and targeted high‐resolution simulations
Climate projections continue to be marred by large uncertainties, which originate in
processes that need to be parameterized, such as clouds, convection, and ecosystems. But …
processes that need to be parameterized, such as clouds, convection, and ecosystems. But …
The GFDL global atmosphere and land model AM4. 0/LM4. 0: 2. Model description, sensitivity studies, and tuning strategies
In Part 2 of this two‐part paper, documentation is provided of key aspects of a version of the
AM4. 0/LM4. 0 atmosphere/land model that will serve as a base for a new set of climate and …
AM4. 0/LM4. 0 atmosphere/land model that will serve as a base for a new set of climate and …
Cloud feedback mechanisms and their representation in global climate models
Cloud feedback—the change in top‐of‐atmosphere radiative flux resulting from the cloud
response to warming—constitutes by far the largest source of uncertainty in the climate …
response to warming—constitutes by far the largest source of uncertainty in the climate …
The GFDL global atmosphere and land model AM4. 0/LM4. 0: 1. Simulation characteristics with prescribed SSTs
In this two‐part paper, a description is provided of a version of the AM4. 0/LM4. 0
atmosphere/land model that will serve as a base for a new set of climate and Earth system …
atmosphere/land model that will serve as a base for a new set of climate and Earth system …
[HTML][HTML] Emergent constraints on transient climate response (TCR) and equilibrium climate sensitivity (ECS) from historical warming in CMIP5 and CMIP6 models
Climate sensitivity to CO 2 remains the key uncertainty in projections of future climate
change. Transient climate response (TCR) is the metric of temperature sensitivity that is most …
change. Transient climate response (TCR) is the metric of temperature sensitivity that is most …
Regionally strong feedbacks between the atmosphere and terrestrial biosphere
The terrestrial biosphere and atmosphere interact through a series of feedback loops.
Variability in terrestrial vegetation growth and phenology can modulate fluxes of water and …
Variability in terrestrial vegetation growth and phenology can modulate fluxes of water and …
Climate change impacts on South American water balance from a continental-scale hydrological model driven by CMIP5 projections
South America contributes to roughly 30% of global runoff to the oceans. Because the
regional economy and biodiversity depend significantly on its water resources, assessing …
regional economy and biodiversity depend significantly on its water resources, assessing …