Equilibrium climate sensitivity characterizes the Earth's long-term global temperature response to increased atmospheric CO2 concentration. It has reached almost iconic status …
We describe the baseline coupled model configuration and simulation characteristics of GFDL's Earth System Model Version 4.1 (ESM4. 1), which builds on component and coupled …
Climate projections continue to be marred by large uncertainties, which originate in processes that need to be parameterized, such as clouds, convection, and ecosystems. But …
In Part 2 of this two‐part paper, documentation is provided of key aspects of a version of the AM4. 0/LM4. 0 atmosphere/land model that will serve as a base for a new set of climate and …
Cloud feedback—the change in top‐of‐atmosphere radiative flux resulting from the cloud response to warming—constitutes by far the largest source of uncertainty in the climate …
In this two‐part paper, a description is provided of a version of the AM4. 0/LM4. 0 atmosphere/land model that will serve as a base for a new set of climate and Earth system …
Climate sensitivity to CO 2 remains the key uncertainty in projections of future climate change. Transient climate response (TCR) is the metric of temperature sensitivity that is most …
The terrestrial biosphere and atmosphere interact through a series of feedback loops. Variability in terrestrial vegetation growth and phenology can modulate fluxes of water and …
South America contributes to roughly 30% of global runoff to the oceans. Because the regional economy and biodiversity depend significantly on its water resources, assessing …