Human ring chromosomes (RCs) are rare diseases with an estimated newborn incidence of
1/50,000 and an annual occurrence of 2,800 patients globally. Over the past 60 years …

Background Much interest has not been placed on the role of chromosomal abnormalities in
the pathogenesis and rising prevalence of infertility in recent times. This review was …

Ring chromosomes (RCs) are circular DNA molecules, which occur rarely in eukaryotic
nuclear genomes. Lilian Vaughan Morgan first described them in the fruit fly. Human …

Ring chromosome 20 [r (20)] syndrome is a rare condition characterized by a non-
supernumerary ring chromosome 20 replacing a normal chromosome 20. It is commonly …

Twenty-nine as yet unreported ring chromosomes were characterized in detail by
cytogenetic and molecular techniques. For FISH (fluorescence in situ hybridization) …

Background Ring chromosome 15 has been associated in previous studies with different
clinical characteristic such as cardiac problems, digit and musculoskeletal abnormalities …

Ring chromosome 20 syndrome is a rare chromosomal disorder characterized by childhood-
onset drug-resistant epilepsy, behavioral problems and variable cognitive impairment. While …

Introduction Ring chromosomes arise from breakage and fusion at distal regions of short
and long arms of the chromosomes. The effect of the ring chromosome on the phenotype …

Ring chromosome 18 has a highly variable phenotype, depending on the extent of distal
arm deletions. It is most commonly presented as a combination of 18p-and distal 18q …

Minichromosomes have been extensively used as tools for revealing the functional
structures of eukaryotic chromosomes. However, the definition of a minichromosome is still …