Papaya (Carica papaya L.) is a popular and economically important fruit tree of tropical and
subtropical countries. The fruit is consumed world-wide as fresh fruit and as a vegetable or …

Plants have been identified as promising expression systems for commercial production of
vaccine antigens. In phase I clinical trials several plant-derived vaccine antigens have been …

Real-time reverse transcription PCR (RT-qPCR) is a preferred method for rapid and
accurate quantification of gene expression studies. Appropriate application of RT-qPCR …

Recombinant subunit vaccines have been with us for the last 30 years and they provide us
with the unique opportunity to choose from the many available production systems that can …

The lethality of infectious diseases has decreased due to the implementation of crucial
sanitary procedures such as vaccination. However, the resurgence of pathogenic diseases …

Fruits are one of the major sources of vitamins, essential nutrients, antioxidants and fibers in
human diet. During the last two–three decades, genetic engineering methods based on the …

Genetic transformation has emerged as a powerful tool for genetic improvement of fruit trees
hindered by their reproductive biology and their high levels of heterozygosity. For years …

Genetically engineered plants can be used for the biomanufacture and delivery of oral
vaccines. Although a myriad of antigens have been produced using this approach …

Papaya with resistance to papaya ringspot virus (PRSV) is the first genetically modified tree
and fruit crop and also the first transgenic crop developed by a public institution that has …

Protection of domestic animals against parasitic infections remains a major challenge in
most of the developing countries, especially in the surge of drug resistant strains. In this …