Sudden stratospheric warmings (SSWs) are impressive fluid dynamical events in which
large and rapid temperature increases in the winter polar stratosphere (∼ 10–50 km) are …

El Niño and La Niña events in the tropical Pacific have significant and disrupting impacts on
the global atmospheric and oceanic circulation. El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) …

The stratosphere can have a significant impact on winter surface weather on subseasonal to
seasonal (S2S) timescales. This study evaluates the ability of current operational S2S …

In the tropical stratosphere, deep layers of eastward and westward winds encircle the globe
and descend regularly from the upper stratosphere to the tropical tropopause. With a …

The stratospheric quasi-biennial oscillation (QBO) and the tropospheric Madden–Julian
oscillation (MJO) are strongly linked in boreal winter. In this Review, we synthesize …

Using multiple data sources, favorable conditions for the 2019 SSW event and its predictive
skill from 11 subseasonal to seasonal (S2S) forecast models are explored in this study. This …

Alessandri, A., F. Catalano, M. De Felice, B. Van Den Hurk, F. Doblas Reyes, S. Boussetta,
G. Balsamo, and PA Miller, 2017: Multi-scale enhancement of climate prediction over land …

Over recent years there have been concomitant advances in the development of
stratosphere-resolving numerical models, our understanding of stratosphere–troposphere …

Using reanalysis, observations, and subseasonal to seasonal (S2S) forecasts, the most
recent sudden stratospheric warming (SSW) in January 2021 and its predictability are …

Abstract The Quasi‐biennial Oscillation (QBO) dominates the interannual variability of the
tropical stratosphere and influences other regions of the atmosphere. The high predictability …