Background Anxiety and related disorders are among the most common mental disorders,
with lifetime prevalence reportedly as high as 31%. Unfortunately, anxiety disorders are …

Pavlovian fear conditioning depends on synaptic plasticity at amygdala neurons. Here, we
review recent electrophysiological, molecular and behavioral evidence suggesting the …

This revision of the 2005 British Association for Psychopharmacology guidelines for the
evidence-based pharmacological treatment of anxiety disorders provides an update on key …

This paper is the 28th consecutive installment of the annual review of research concerning
the endogenous opioid system, now spanning over a quarter-century of research. It …

Zebrafish (Danio rerio) are becoming increasingly popular in neurobehavioral research.
Here, we summarize recent data on behavioral responses of adult zebrafish to a wide …

This paper is the 29th consecutive installment of the annual review of research concerning
the endogenous opioid system, now spanning 30 years of research. It summarizes papers …

The opioid system plays a crucial role in the neural modulation of anxiety. The involvement
of opioid ligands and receptors in physiological and dysfunctional forms of anxiety is …

Reward processing is linked to specific neuromodulatory systems with a dopaminergic
contribution to reward learning and motivational drive being well established …

A key insight of associative learning theory is that learning depends on the actions of
prediction error: a discrepancy between the actual and expected outcomes of a conditioning …

Reinforcing effects of reward on action are well established, but possible effects on sensory
function are less well explored. Here, using functional magnetic resonance imaging, we …