Terrestrial biodiversity is dominated by plants and the herbivores that consume them, and
they are one of the major conduits of energy flow up to higher trophic levels. Here, we …

Gall-inducing insects are iconic examples in the manipulation and reprogramming of plant
development, inducing spectacular morphological and physiological changes of host-plant …

In recent years, scientists have realized that evolution can occur on timescales much shorter
than the" long lapse of ages" emphasized by Darwin—in fact, evolutionary change is …

Despite the speciose fauna of gall-inducing insects in the Neotropical region, little is known
about their taxonomy. On the other hand, gall morphotypes associated with host species …

The Diptera, or true flies (mosquitoes, gnats, and house flies) comprise 12-15% of animal
species, and are the most ecologically diverse order of insects, spanning ecological roles …

Oak galls are spectacular extended phenotypes of gallwasp genes in host oak tissues and
have evolved complex morphologies that serve, in part, to exclude parasitoid natural …

ISAAC S. WINKLER AND CHARLES MITTER host-plant use. Many of the phylogenies are
based on DNA sequences, while for others the chief evidence is morphology. This database …

Gall midges constitute an important group of plant-parasitic insects. The Hessian fly (HF;
Mayetiola destructor), the most investigated gall midge, was the first insect hypothesized to …

The superfamily Eriophyoidea includes> 5000 named species of very small phytophagous
mites. As for many groups of phytophagous invertebrates, factors responsible for …

Gall midges (Cecidomyiidae) constitute one of the largest and most diverse families of
Diptera, with close to 6600 described species and thousands of undescribed species …