Understanding the plant immune system is crucial for using genetics to protect crops from
diseases. Plants resist pathogens via a two-tiered innate immune detection-and-response …

Plants resist attacks by pathogens via innate immune responses, which are initiated by cell
surface-localized pattern-recognition receptors (PRRs) and intracellular nucleotide-binding …

All eukaryotic organisms have evolved sophisticated immune systems to appropriately
respond to biotic stresses. In plants and animals, a key part of this immune system is pattern …

The dramatic temperature fluctuations spurred by climate change inhibit plant growth and
threaten crop productivity. Unraveling how plants defend themselves against temperature …

The plant immune system is fundamental for plant survival in natural ecosystems and for
productivity in crop fields. Substantial evidence supports the prevailing notion that plants …

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are essential for life and are involved in the regulation of
almost all biological processes. ROS production is critical for plant development, response …

Plants have both cell-surface and intracellular receptors to recognize diverse self-and non-
self molecules. Cell-surface pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) recognize extracellular …

The plant immune system involves cell-surface receptors that detect intercellular pathogen-
derived molecules, and intracellular receptors that activate immunity upon detection of …

Plants employ numerous cell-surface and intracellular immune receptors to perceive a
variety of immunogenic signals associated with pathogen infection and subsequently …

Calcium ions function as a key second messenger ion in eukaryotes. Spatially and
temporally defined cytoplasmic Ca2+ signals are shaped through the concerted activity of …