Nonunion following a long bone fracture causes considerable morbidity when it occurs. Risk
factors depend on specific fractures but there is a complex interplay of injury severity …

The intention of the current article is to review the epidemiology with related socioeconomic
costs, pathophysiology, and treatment options for diaphyseal long bone delayed unions and …

Increasing evidence suggests that an exogenous electromagnetic field might be involved in
many biologic processes which are of great importance for therapeutic interventions. Pulsed …

Objectives: Nonunions after bone fractures are usually treated surgically with risk of
infections and failure of osteosynthesis. A noninvasive alternative is extracorporeal shock …

Humeral shaft fractures account for 1% to 3% of all fractures. Traditional nonsurgical
treatment with a functional brace is still the standard treatment of these fractures; however …

Background: Humeral shaft nonunions are challenging to treat, and those that require> 1
surgical procedure in order for a nonunion to heal are termed recalcitrant. Most studies on …

Successful fracture healing is dependent on an optimal mechanical and biological
environment at the fracture site. Disturbances in fracture healing (non-union) or even critical …

The management of upper limb non-unions can be challenging and often with unpredictable
outcomes. In this study we present our experience with the use of BMP-7 in the treatment of …

Background Surgical revision concepts for the treatment of aseptic humeral, femoral, and
tibial diaphyseal nonunion were evaluated. It was analyzed if the range of time to bone …

Objectives: The primary aim was to assess patient-reported outcomes≥ 1 year following a
humeral diaphyseal fracture. The secondary aim was to compare outcomes of patients who …