Objective: Perform a systematic review of studies reporting on the association between
maternal prenatal cigarette smoking and child overweight. Design: Meta-analysis of …

Background: An emerging literature suggests that environmental chemicals may play a role
in the development of childhood obesity and metabolic disorders, especially when exposure …

Tobacco smoking is still a widespread habit in pregnant and breastfeeding women. While
the role of these risk factors on neonatal outcomes has been deeply studied, their effect on …

The early (intrauterine and neonatal) life environment plays an important role in
programming the susceptibility in later life to chronic degenerative diseases, such as …

Cigarette smoking is an addictive behavior, and is the primary cause of cardiovascular and
pulmonary disease, and cancer (among other diseases). Cigarette smoke contains …

Background Breast milk is known to contain many bioactive hormones and peptides, which
can influence infant growth and development. In this context, the purpose of this study was to …

Background/Objectives: Breast milk is a dynamic, personalized nutrition source, influenced
by maternal diet, lifestyle, and environmental factors, which shape its composition and …

Background Low birth weight (BW), small head circumference, reduced length, increased
preterm births and neuro-endocrine dysfunctions are among known consequences of …

Background: Early adiponectin and leptin in children correlate with those measured at a
later age. Prenatal and early life factors may influence the pattern of leptin and adiponectin …

Background and aims Smoking cigarettes is a major global health problem that affects
appetite and weight. The aim of this systematic review was to determine how smoking …