Environmental enrichment (EE) can improve the welfare of captive fish. Its objective is to
provide new sensorial and motor stimulation in order to help meet their behavioural …

The International Association for the Study of Pain defines pain as “an unpleasant sensory
and emotional experience associated with actual or potential tissue damage”. 1 Pain is often …

The human olfactory system comprises olfactory receptor neurons, projection neurons, and
interneurons that perform remarkably sophisticated functions, including sensing, filtration …

The innate immune regulator STING is a critical sensor of self-and pathogen-derived DNA.
DNA sensing by STING leads to the induction of type-I interferons (IFN-I) and other …

In order to survive, animals must avoid injury and be able to detect potentially damaging
stimuli via nociceptive mechanisms. If the injury is accompanied by a negative affective …

Chronic pain is a maladaptive neurological disease that remains a major health problem. A
deepening of our knowledge on mechanisms that cause pain is a prerequisite to developing …

Simple Summary Current acute pain assessment protocols in domestic animals require the
use of a suite of methods to evaluate the multidimensional components of pain. Thermal …

Significance: Burns are debilitating, life threatening, and difficult to assess and manage.
Recent advances in assessment and management have occurred since a comprehensive …

Neuropathic pain (NeuP) arises due to injury of the somatosensory nervous system and is
both common and disabling, rendering an urgent need for non-addictive, effective new …

We revisit the evidence attributing sentience-pain-suffering to aquatic animals. The objective
is to inform readers of the current state of affairs, to direct attention to where research is …