ABSTRACT Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics (STEM) education
garnered significant attention in recent years and has emerged as a key field of research …

Research on learning and education is increasingly influenced by theories of embodied
cognition. Several embodiment-based interventions have been empirically investigated …

Abstract The Gesture as Simulated Action (GSA) framework was proposed to explain how
gestures arise from embodied simulations of the motor and perceptual states that occur …

Speech and gesture are two vital components of communication. Gesture itself provides an
external support to speech, potentially promoting comprehension of a spoken message. The …

Spatial skills are an important component of success in science, technology, engineering,
and math (STEM) fields. A majority of what we know about spatial skills today is a result of …

Spatial thinking is a vital component of the science, technology, engineering, and
mathematics curriculum. However, to date, broad development of learning environments that …

Spatial intelligence concerns the locations of objects, their shapes, their relations, and the
paths they take as they move. Recognition of spatial skills enriches the traditional …

Background Physics is often presented as disembodied, separating learners from
opportunities to utilize their bodies as sense-making resources. By ignoring issues of body …

Lecturers in educational videos often use gestures to emphasize what has been said or
highlight learning relevant information, which is visible on the screen. However, differences …

Extended reality technologies such as headset-based augmented reality (AR) unlock unique
opportunities to integrate gestures into the collaborative problem-solving process. The …