Melanin production from different types of phenoloxidases (POs) confers immunity from a
variety of pathogens ranging from viruses and microorganisms to parasites. The arthropod …

Diseases have caused tremendous economic losses and become the major problem
threatening the sustainable development of shrimp aquaculture. The knowledge of host …

As invertebrates, shrimps rely on multiple innate defense reactions, including humoral
immunity and cellular immunity to recognize and eliminate various invaders, such as …

Melanization plays important roles in diverse physiological processes in insects including
wound healing, tanning of the cuticle and immunity. Upon infection, pattern recognition …

Melanization, an important insect defense mechanism, is mediated by clip-domain serine
protease (cSP) cascades and is regulated by serpins. Here we show that proteolytic …

Crustaceans and in particular decapods (ie shrimp, crabs and lobsters) are a diverse,
commercially and ecologically important group of organisms. They are exposed to a range …

Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) are group of beneficial bacteria that have been proposed as
relevant probiotics with immunomodulatory functions. In this study, we initially isolated and …

Freshwater crayfish is an important commodity as well as a successful model for studies on
crustacean immunity. Due to the ease with which they are kept and the available methods …

Melanization is a prominent insect humoral response for encapsulation of and killing
invading pathogens. It is mediated by a protease cascade composed of a modular serine …

Yellow fever mosquito Aedes aegypti transmits many devastating arthropod-borne viruses
(arboviruses), such as dengue virus, yellow fever virus, Chikungunya virus, and Zika virus …