Biological sex differences refer to differences between males and females caused by the sex
chromosome complement (that is, XY or XX), reproductive tissues (that is, the presence of …

Results We identified 35 eligible primary studies, with 20 risk factors amenable to meta-
analysis. Six factors were associated with graft loss, with moderate to high degree of …

Deceased donor kidney transplantation (DDKT) rates for highly sensitized (HS) candidates
increased early after implementation of the Kidney Allocation System (KAS) in 2014 …

Pregnancy is recognized as a spontaneously acquired state of immunological tolerance by
the mother to her semi-allogeneic fetus, but it is a major cause of allosensitization in …

Immunological tolerance to semiallogeneic fetuses is necessary to achieving successful first
pregnancy and permitting subsequent pregnancies with the same father. Paradoxically …

The damage of the endothelial glycocalyx as a consequence of ischemia and/or reperfusion
injury (IRI) following kidney transplantation has come at the spotlight of research due to …

De novo HLA donor-specific antibodies (DSA) following transplantation are associated with
alloimmune injury and allograft failure. Blood transfusions are allogeneic, and when given …

An increasing number of patients waitlisted for kidney transplantation have a previously
failed graft. Retransplantation provides a significant improvement in morbidity, mortality, and …

Alloimmunization occurs during pregnancy when tissue antigens derived from the fetus
and/or placenta prime maternal immune cells to divide and differentiate. For many women …

There are conflicting data about the role of transplant nephrectomy and immunosuppression
withdrawal on the development of allosensitization and the impact on re‐transplantation. We …