Chronic pain is maintained in part by central sensitization, a phenomenon of synaptic
plasticity and increased neuronal responsiveness in central pain pathways after painful …

Neuroinflammation has become a key hallmark of neurological complications including
perioperative pathologies such as postoperative delirium and longer-lasting postoperative …

For half a century, we have known that some patients experience neurocognitive dysfunction
after cardiac surgery, yet defining its incidence, course, and causes remains challenging …

ICU delirium is a common medical problem occurring in patients admitted to the intensive
care units (ICUs). Studies have shown that ICU delirium is associated with increased …

Degeneration of central cholinergic neurons impairs memory, and enhancement of
cholinergic synapses improves cognitive processes. Cholinergic signaling is also anti …

A 77 year-old male is admitted to the hospital after sustaining a hip fracture. He has a past
medical history of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, hypertension, hyperlipidemia …

Introduction The analysis of heart rate variability (HRV) has proven to be an important tool
for the management of autonomous nerve system in both surgical and critically ill patients …

Abstract Purpose of Review Postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) occurs in 20–50%
of postsurgical patients with a higher prevalence in elderly patients and patients with …

Although autonomic dysfunction (AD) after the recovery from Coronavirus disease 2019
(COVID-19) has been thoroughly described, few data are available regarding the …

The current crises in opioid abuse and chronic pain call for the development of nonopioid
and nonpharmacological therapeutics for pain relief. Neuromodulation-based approaches …