The long history of life on Earth has unfolded as a cause-and-effect relationship with the
evolving amount of oxygen (O2) in the oceans and atmosphere. Oxygen deficiency …

Many trace metals are essential micronutrients, but also potent toxins. Due to natural and
anthropogenic causes, vastly different trace metal concentrations occur in various habitats …

Community assembly describes how different ecological processes shape microbial
community composition and structure. How environmental factors impact community …

The partial pressure of oxygen in Earth's atmosphere has increased dramatically through
time, and this increase is thought to have occurred in two rapid steps at both ends of the …

“The Answer to the Great Question... Of Life, the Universe and Everything... Is... Forty-two,”
said Deep Thought, with infinite majesty and calm…“I checked it very thoroughly,” said the …

Cyanobacterial blooms are becoming more common in freshwater systems, causing
ecological degradation and human health risks through exposure to cyanotoxins. The role of …

The relative contributions of the alternative (V-and Fe-only) and canonical (Mo-)
nitrogenases to N 2 fixation in natural environments are still largely unknown. Here we …

Phytoplankton productivity and export sequester climatically significant quantities of
atmospheric carbon dioxide as particulate organic carbon through a suite of processes …

Biological nitrogen fixation, which converts atmospheric dinitrogen to ammonia, is catalyzed
mostly by Mo-nitrogenase and is a primary contributor to bioavailable nitrogen on early …

Eutrophication or excessive nutrient richness is an impairment of many freshwater
ecosystems and a prominent cause of harmful algal blooms. It is generally accepted that …