Hemodialysis, the most common modality of renal replacement therapy, is critically required
to remove uremic toxins from the blood of patients with end-stage kidney disease. However …

Biomaterials are regularly used in various types of artificial tissues and organs, such as
oxygenators, plasmapheresis equipment, hemodialysers, catheters, prostheses, stents …

The complement system was discovered a century ago as a potent defense cascade of
innate immunity. After its first description, continuous experimental and clinical research was …

Innate immunity is fundamental to our defense against microorganisms. Physiologically, the
intravascular innate immune system acts as a purging system that identifies and removes …

A cure for type 1 diabetes (T1D) would help millions of people worldwide but remains
elusive to date. Tolerogenic vaccines and β-cell replacement therapy are complementary …

When an artificial biomaterial (eg, a stent or implantable pump) is exposed to blood, plasma
proteins immediately adhere to the surface, creating a new interface between the …

Polymer microcarriers are being extensively explored as cell delivery vehicles in cell-based
therapies and hybrid tissue and organ engineering. Spherical microcarriers are of particular …

Over the past 30 years, silk has been proposed for numerous biomedical applications that
go beyond its traditional use as a suture material. Silk sutures are well tolerated in humans …

Biomaterials (eg polymers, metals, or ceramics), cell and cell cluster (eg pancreatic islets)
transplantation are beginning to offer novel treatment modalities for some otherwise …

A number of clinical treatment modalities involve contact between blood and biomaterials:
these include extracorporeal circuits such as hemodialysis, cardiopulmonary bypass …