Polyethylene glycol or PEG has a long history of use in medicine. Many conventional
formulations utilize PEG as either an active ingredient or an excipient. PEG found its use in …

Complement is a complex innate immune surveillance system, playing a key role in defense
against pathogens and in host homeostasis. The complement system is initiated by …

Lung-function impairment underlies chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and
predicts mortality. In the largest multi-ancestry genome-wide association meta-analysis of …

The complement system consists of a network of plasma and membrane proteins that
modulate tissue homeostasis and contribute to immune surveillance by interacting with the …

Thrombotic microangiopathy can manifest in a diverse range of diseases and is
characterized by thrombocytopenia, microangiopathic hemolytic anemia, and organ injury …

All cells in the human body are covered by a dense layer of sugars and the proteins and
lipids to which they are attached, collectively termed the “glycocalyx.” For decades, the …

The glycocalyx is a polysaccharide structure that protrudes from the body of a cell. It is
primarily conformed of glycoproteins and proteoglycans, which provide communication …

Cell surface sialosides constitute a central axis of immune modulation that is exploited by
tumors to evade both innate and adaptive immune destruction. Therapeutic strategies that …

Simple and complex carbohydrates (glycans) have long been known to play major
metabolic, structural and physical roles in biological systems. Targeted microbial binding to …

The complement system is an essential element of the innate immune response that
becomes activated upon recognition of molecular patterns associated with microorganisms …