Human cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes, as membrane-bound hemoproteins, play
important roles in the detoxification of drugs, cellular metabolism, and homeostasis. In …

The successful regulatory authority approval rate of drug candidates in the drug
development pipeline is crucial for determining pharmaceutical research and development …

Pesticides are widely used and frequently detected in the environment. The evaluation on
the toxic effects of the co-exposure of two or more pesticides or related metabolites could …

Abstract Tetrabromobisphenol A (TBBPA) and Perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) are
emerging contaminants which coexist in marine environments, posing significant risks to …

Modern medicine is undergoing a paradigm shift from a" one-size-fits-all" strategy to a more
precise patient-customized therapy and medication plan. While the success of precision …

Background: Drug metabolism is a complex biochemical process, where cytochrome P450
enzymes (CYPs) play a crucial role in the biotransformation of medications. Variations in …

The objective of this chapter is to provide an overview of the design and conduct of clinical
pharmacokinetic (PK) studies when investigating extrinsic factors that may influence the PK …

Background: Cefuroxime is an extensively prescribed broad-spectrum beta-lactam antibiotic
employed to treat a wide range of bacterial infections. Variability in drug response and …

Objectives Genetic variation has been considered a major contributor to the high variability
in the response to dual antiplatelet therapy in patients with acute ischemic stroke or transient …

Although the invention of a new drug molecule is a very rigorous, specialized, time-
consuming and costly process, it is vital for identifying the solutions to modern age …