During exercise, there is a progressive reduction in the ability to produce muscle forces.
Processes within the nervous system, as well as within the muscles contribute to this fatigue …

Highlights•Modulation of synaptic strength can occur through changes in short-term
plasticity.•Modulators can shape or induce long-term synaptic plasticity.•Modulators can …

Spinal cord injury (SCI) interrupts long-projecting descending spinal neurons and disrupts
the spinal central pattern generator (CPG) that controls locomotion. The intrinsic …

Serotonin (5-HT), a monoamine neurotransmitter synthesized in various populations of
brainstem neurons, plays an important role in modulating the activity of spinal networks …

Key points Intrinsic hyperexcitability of spinal motoneurones is thought to contribute to
excitotoxicity during amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), but it has never been demonstrated …

Body-weight supported locomotor training (BWST) promotes recovery of load-bearing
stepping in lower mammals, but its efficacy in individuals with a spinal cord injury (SCI) is …

Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a tragic event causing irreversible losses of sensory, motor, and
autonomic functions, that may also be associated with chronic neuropathic pain. Serotonin …

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a fatal disease, characterized by the degeneration of
both upper and lower motor neurons. Despite decades of research, we still to date lack a …

Highlights•5-HT promotes locomotion and the excitability of motoneurons.•The effects
induced by exogenous and synaptically released 5-HT are different.•High intensity release …

Ionotropic inputs to motoneurones have the capacity to depolarise and hyperpolarise the
motoneurone, whereas neuromodulatory inputs control the state of excitability of the …