Background Tetrahydrobiopterin (BH 4) deficiencies comprise a group of six rare
neurometabolic disorders characterized by insufficient synthesis of the monoamine …

Classic phenylketonuria (PKU) is caused by defective activity of phenylalanine hydroxylase
(PAH), the enzyme that coverts phenylalanine (Phe) to tyrosine. Toxic accumulation of …

In this study, concentrations of free amino acids (FAA) and amino group containing
compounds (AGCC) following graded diffuse traumatic brain injury (mild TBI, mTBI; severe …

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a severe neurodegenerative disease in older people. Despite
some consensus on pathogenesis of AD established by previous researches, further …

Important precursors of monoaminergic neurotransmitters, dietary tryptophan (TRP),
tyrosine, and phenylalanine (all referred to as TTP), play crucial roles in a wide range of …

Objectives: To evaluate dietary intake among individuals with and without attention-deficit
hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), to evaluate the likelihood that those with ADHD have …

Individuals who abuse alcohol often show exaggerated attentional bias (AB) towards
alcohol-related cues, which is thought to reflect reward conditioning processes. Rodent …

Since laser photobiomodulation has been found to enhance brain energy metabolism and
cognition, we conducted the first metabolomics study to systematically analyze the …

Dopamine affects processing of temporal information, but most previous work has tested its
role in prospective tasks, where participants know in advance when the event to be timed …

μ-opioid receptors (MORs) in the nucleus accumbens (NAc) can regulate reward-related
behaviors that are dependent on mesolimbic dopamine, but the precise mechanism of this …