Background: Exoscopes are a safe and effective alternative or adjunct to the existing
binocular surgical microscope for brain tumor, skull base surgery, aneurysm clipping and …

Background The introduction of operative microscopes (OMs) is the most important
revolution in modern microneurosurgery, as a result of the implementation of lighting and …

Background The operating microscope (OM) is an invaluable tool in neurosurgery but is not
without its flaws. The ORBEYE™(Olympus, Tokyo, Japan) is a 4K 3D exoscope aspiring to …

Background Traditional retraction to access deep intraparenchymal brain lesions results in
vascular disruption. Tubular retractors such as the BrainPath tubular retractor system were …

Background Minimally invasive surgery using tubular retractors was developed to minimize
injury of surrounding brain during the removal of deep-seated lesions. No evidence supports …

In neurosurgery, parenchymal injury resulting from focal exertion of pressure on retracted
tissue is a common complication associated with the use of plate and self-sustaining …

According to the NCI's Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results program, brain and
other nervous system tumors will account for an estimated 24,530 cancer diagnoses and …

OBJECTIVE Extracorporeal telescopes (exoscopes) have been the latest addition to the
neurosurgeons' armamentarium, acting as a bridge between operating microscopes and …

Background and Study Aims/Objective Metastatic brain tumors are the most common type of
adult brain tumors. Treatment involves surgery and/or radiation therapy. Surgery is typically …

Background Glioblastoma remains incurable despite treatment with surgery, radiation
therapy, and cytotoxic chemotherapy, prompting the search for a metabolic pathway unique …