The recent development of single-cell RNA sequencing has deepened our understanding of
the cell as a functional unit, providing new insights based on gene expression profiles of …

X chromosome inactivation (XCI) silences transcription from one of the two X chromosomes
in female mammalian cells to balance expression dosage between XX females and XY …

Changes in gene dosage can have tremendous evolutionary potential (eg whole-genome
duplications), but without compensatory mechanisms, they can also lead to gene …

X-chromosome inactivation and X-upregulation are the fundamental modes of chromosome-
wide gene regulation that collectively achieve dosage compensation in mammals, but the …

Heteromorphic sex chromosomes (XY or ZW) present problems of gene dosage imbalance
between sexes and with autosomes. A need for dosage compensation has long been …

CXCR3, an X-linked gene, is subject to X chromosome inactivation (XCI), but it is unclear
whether CXCR3 escapes XCI in immune cells. We determined whether CXCR3 escapes …

There is a sex-based disparity associated with substance use disorders (SUDs) as
demonstrated by clinical and preclinical studies. Females are known to escalate from initial …

Ohno's hypothesis postulates that upregulation of X-linked genes rectifies their dosage
imbalance relative to autosomal genes, which are present in two active copies per cell. Here …

Dosage compensation between the sexes results in one X chromosome being inactivated
during female mammalian development. Chromosome-wide transcriptional silencing from …

In mammals, X chromosome dosage is balanced between sexes through the silencing of
one X chromosome in females. Recent single-cell RNA sequencing analysis demonstrated …