This review examines the dichotomy between automatic and autonomous behaviors in
surgical robots, maps the possible levels of autonomy of these robots, and describes the …

This article establishes a comprehensive review of all the different methods proposed by the
literature concerning augmented reality in intra-abdominal minimally invasive surgery (also …

Purpose Advances in technology and computing play an increasingly important role in the
evolution of modern surgical techniques and paradigms. This article reviews the current role …

Minimally invasive surgery, including laparoscopic and thoracoscopic procedures, benefits
patients in terms of improved postoperative outcomes and short recovery time. The …

Suturing is required in almost all surgeries but it is challenging to perform with surgical
robots due to limited vision and/or haptic feedback. To tackle this problem, we present an …

Automation of surgical tasks is expected to improve the quality of surgery. In this paper, we
address two issues that must be resolved for automation of robotic surgery: online trajectory …

In the future of surgery, tele-operated robotic assistants will offer the possibility of performing
certain commonly occurring tasks autonomously. Using a natural division of tasks into …

Background Intra‐operative imaging is widely used to provide visual feedback to a clinician
when he/she performs a procedure. In visual servoing, surgical instruments and parts of …

This paper develops a path plan for suture needles used with solid tissue volumes in
endoscopic surgery. The path trajectory is based on the best practices that are used by …

In autonomous suturing with a surgical robot, needle shape, diameter, and path are critical
parameters that directly affect suture depth and tissue trauma. This paper presents an …