It is increasingly evident that metabolites suffer various kinds of damage, that such damage
happens in all organisms and that cells have dedicated systems for damage repair and …

Photorespiration is frequently considered a wasteful and inefficient process. However,
mutant analysis demonstrated that photorespiration is essential for recycling of 2 …

Folates, also known as B9 vitamins, serve as donors and acceptors in one-carbon (C1)
transfer reactions. The latter are involved in synthesis of many important biomolecules, such …

Folates are essential cofactors for one-carbon transfer reactions and are needed in the diets
of humans and animals. Because plants are major sources of dietary folate, plant folate …

Serine metabolism in plants has been studied mostly in relation to photorespiration where
serine is formed from two molecules of glycine. However, two other pathways of serine …

Folates (Vitamin B 9) include both naturally occurring folates and synthetic folic acid used in
fortified foods and dietary supplements. Folate deficiency causes severe abnormalities in …

The photorespiratory repair pathway (photorespiration in short) was set up from ancient
metabolic modules about three billion years ago in cyanobacteria, the later ancestors of …

SUMMARY B vitamins are a group of water‐soluble micronutrients that are required in all life
forms. With the lack of biosynthetic pathways, humans depend on dietary uptake of these …

Highlights•Folates are an essential part of the human diet.•Many staple crops contain
insufficient folate levels.•Folate biofortification of rice yields levels satisfying the daily …

Folate deficiency is a global health problem affecting many people in the developing and
developed world. Current interventions (industrial food fortification and supplementation by …