Fouling on heat transfer surfaces due to scale formation is the most concerned item in
thermal desalination industry. Here, a dynamic fouling model is developed and incorporated …

In this paper, a dynamic model of fouling is presented to predict the crystallization of calcium
carbonate and magnesium hydroxide inside the condenser tubes of Once-Through …

Scale formation of carbonates and sulphates is one of the most well-known types of
crystallization fouling in heat exchangers. Tackling crystallization fouling in Once-Through …

This work describes how the design and operation parameters of the Multi-Stage Flash
(MSF) desalination process are optimised when the process is subject to variation in …

The rapid increase in the demand on fresh water due the increase in the world population
and scarcity of natural water puts more stress on the desalination industrial sector to install …

Water is the most precious compound in the world and it is essential to humans and other
life forms despite providing no calories or organic nutrients. Although access to safe drinking …

Desalination is a water treatment process that removes dissolved salts from saline water,
thus producing fresh water from seawater or brackish water. The fundamental concept of …