The cell envelope is the first line of defense between a bacterium and the world-at-large.
Often, the initial steps that determine the outcome of chemical warfare, bacteriophage …

Lipids are distributed in a highly heterogeneous fashion in different cellular membranes.
Only a minority of lipids achieve their final intracellular distribution through transport by …

Gram-negative bacteria have a double-membrane cellular envelope that enables them to
colonize harsh environments and prevents the entry of many clinically available antibiotics …

Lipopolysaccharide molecules represent a unique family of glycolipids based on a highly
conserved lipid moiety known as lipid A. These molecules are produced by most gram …

The outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria is essential for their survival in harsh
environments and provides intrinsic resistance to many antibiotics. This membrane is …

Coarse-grained molecular dynamics provides a means for simulating the assembly and
interactions of macromolecular complexes at a reduced level of representation, thereby …

One of the fundamental properties of biological membranes is the asymmetric distribution of
membrane lipids. In Gram-negative bacteria, the outer leaflet of the outer membrane is …

Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is essential for most Gram-negative bacteria and has crucial roles
in protection of the bacteria from harsh environments and toxic compounds, including …

Bacterial lipoproteins are synthesized as precursors in the cytoplasm and processed into
mature forms on the cytoplasmic membrane. A lipid moiety attached to the N terminus …

In Gram-negative bacteria, lipopolysaccharide is essential for outer membrane formation
and antibiotic resistance. The seven lipopolysaccharide transport (Lpt) proteins A–G move …