Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a malignant tumor in the digestive system whose incidence and
mortality is high-ranking among tumors worldwide. The initiation and progression of CRC is …

Macrophages, as central components of innate immunity, feature significant heterogeneity.
Numerus studies have revealed the pivotal roles of macrophages in the pathogenesis of …

Due to its multiple features, including the ability to orchestrate remote communication
between different tissues, the exosomes are the extracellular vesicles arousing the highest …

Cancer‐derived small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) are emerging as crucial mediators of
intercellular communication between cancer cells and M2‐tumor‐associated macrophages …

Intercellular communication plays an important role in cancer initiation and progression
through direct contact and indirect interactions, such as via secretory molecules. Cancer …

Exosomes are excretory vesicles that can deliver a variety of bioactive cargo molecules to
the extracellular environment. Accumulating evidence demonstrates exosome participation …

As phospholipid extracellular vesicles (EVs) secreted by various cells, exosomes contain
non-coding RNA (ncRNA), mRNA, DNA fragments, lipids, and proteins, which are essential …

MicroRNA (miR)-1246 is abnormally expressed and has pro-oncogenic functions in multiple
types of cancer. In the present study, its functions in breast cancer and the underlying …

Background Colorectal cancer (CRC) is among the most frequent tumors of the digestive
tract and the second leading cause of cancer death worldwide. Tumor-associated …

Transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) is a well-known cytokine that controls various
processes in normal physiology and disease context. Strong preclinical and clinical …