This review aims to report an update on drugs administered into the epidural space for
anesthesia and analgesia in dogs, describing their potential advantages and disadvantages …

Morphine is a potent analgesic agent used to control acute or chronic pain. Chronic
administration of morphine results in analgesic tolerance, hyperalgesia, and other side …

Opium is the second-most-commonly abused substance (after tobacco) in developing
countries of the Middle East region, and in many Asian nations. One of the reasons for the …

Abstract An 8-year-old, castrated male, miniature wire-haired dachshund was presented
with a 4-month history of intermittent facial twitching (myoclonus). The myoclonic episodes …

BACKGROUND This study aimed to determine the role and effects of baroreflexes during
acute increase in blood pressure (BP) after severe and long-term infusion of morphine …

During epidural needle placement in a 32-kg dog the subarachnoid space was punctured
and half the intended dose of lidocaine, bupivacaine, and morphine was injected. After …

Anesthesia is a very complex, dynamic domain that is labor intensive, can be equipment
intensive, and requires accuracy and attention to detail for a good outcome. Errors and …

Abstract Case Description—A 7-month-old male Siberian Husky affected by lower motor
neuron tetraparesis was anesthetized for electrodiagnostic testing and collection of muscle …

Epidural anaesthesia-analgesia (EAA) is a technique employed commonly in human
anaesthesia to provide optimum conditions for invasive orthopaedic and soft tissue surgery …

An adult female domestic shorthair cat developed myoclonus, muscle rigidity, and
hypersensitivity of the hind limbs and tail with urinary retention following neuraxial …