The programmed cell death that occurs as part of normal mammalian development was first
observed nearly a century ago (Collin 1906). It has since been established that …

Protein kinase B or Akt (PKB/Akt) is a serine/threonine kinase, which in mammals comprises
three highly homologous members known as PKBα (Akt1), PKBβ (Akt2), and PKBγ (Akt3) …

MicroRNAs are small, highly conserved non-coding RNA molecules involved in the
regulation of gene expression. MicroRNAs are transcribed by RNA polymerases II and III …

The 14-3-3 proteins are a family of conserved regulatory molecules expressed in all
eukaryotic cells. A striking feature of the 14-3-3 proteins is their ability to bind a multitude of …

Recent research has examined Akt and Akt-related serine–threonine kinases in signaling
cascades that regulate cell survival and are important in the pathogenesis of degenerative …

We used cDNA microarrays to assess gene expression profiles in 60 human cancer cell
lines used in a drug discovery screen by the National Cancer Institute. Using these data, we …

The Ca2+-activated protein phosphatase calcineurin induces apoptosis, but the mechanism
is unknown. Calcineurin was found to dephosphorylate BAD, a pro-apoptotic member of the …

Bcl-2 family proteins serve as critical regulators of pathways involved in apoptosis, acting to
either inhibit or promote cell death. Altered expression of these proteins occurs commonly in …

B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia (B-CLL) represents a neoplastic disorder caused
primarily by defective programmed cell death (PCD), as opposed to increased cell …

At the end of the T cell response, the majority of the activated T cells die. We activated Vβ8+
T cells with staphylococcal enterotoxin B (SEB) in vivo and monitored the expansion and …