Powder metallurgy (PM) of titanium is a potentially cost-effective alternative to conventional
wrought titanium. This article examines both traditional and emerging technologies …

1. INTRODUCTION Using electric current as a tool in metallurgy dates back to the early
years of the nineteenth century. Davy and Berzelius discovered alkali metals were able to be …

Metals are the oldest of biomedical implant materials and metallic alloys remain the material
of choice for applications involving hard tissue replacement. Ti alloy scaffolds are deemed …

Little over a decade ago, Professor Derek Fray's group at the University of Cambridge, UK,
discovered that a solid metal oxide can be directly reduced to metal by cathodically …

The Kroll process has been employed for titanium extraction since the 1950s. It is a labour
and energy intensive multi-step semi-batch process. The post-extraction processes for …

Titanium has excellent all-round performance, but the high cost of its production limits its
widespread use. Currently, the Kroll process used to commercially produce titanium sponge …

For over five decades the main route for the extraction of titanium has been the Kroll
process. It is regarded as being expensive, labour intensive, reliant on a high quality …

Abstract The Metalysis or FFC® process is a disruptive electrochemical route for the
synthesis of both metals and alloys from their respective oxides. Application of this …

Nanocrystalline powder of hafnium-rich-HfC has been successfully synthesised by the
electro-deoxidation of HfO2–carbon precursors in molten chloride. The progress of the solid …

Ti5Si3 silicide has been extracted directly from complex multicomponent Ti/Si-containing
metal oxide compounds by electro-deoxidation in molten calcium chloride using an inert …