Serotonergic neurons are present in all phyla that possess nervous systems. In most of
these phyla, serotonin modulates important behaviours, including feeding, sexual and …

Recent studies of the sea urchin embryo have elucidated the mechanisms that localize and
pattern its nervous system. These studies have revealed the presence of two overlapping …

Life history theory seeks to explain the evolution of the major features of life cycles by
analyzing the ecological factors that shape age-specific schedules of growth, reproduction …

Anthropogenic CO2 emissions are acidifying the world's oceans. A growing body of
evidence is showing that ocean acidification impacts growth and developmental rates of …

The sequencing of the Strongylocentrotus purpuratus genome provides a unique
opportunity to investigate the function and evolution of neural genes. The neurobiology of …

Microplastic pollution has become ubiquitous, affecting a wide variety of biota. Although
microplastics are known to alter the development of a range of marine invertebrates, no …

The pattern of development of the serotonergic nervous system is described from the larvae
of ctenophores, platyhelminths, nemerteans, entoprocts, ectoprocts (bryozoans), molluscs …

The anterior end of the dorsal nerve cord of amphioxus is described at the 3-4 gill slit stage
based on serial transmission electron microscopy and three-dimensional reconstruction …

Few treatments are known that perturb the dorsoventral axis of the sea urchin embryo. We
report here that the dorsoventral polarity of the sea urchin embryo can be disrupted by …

The development and organization of the nervous systems of echinoderm larvae are
incompletely described. We describe the development and organization of the larval …