Innate immune receptors have a key role in immune surveillance by sensing
microorganisms and initiating protective immune responses. However, the innate immune …

Beta-thalassemia is caused by the reduced (beta+) or absent (beta 0) synthesis of the beta
globin chains of the hemoglobin tetramer. Three clinical and hematological conditions of …

Heme oxygenases (HO) catabolize free heme, that is, iron (Fe) protoporphyrin (IX), into
equimolar amounts of Fe2+, carbon monoxide (CO), and biliverdin. The stress-responsive …

During active disease, patients with systemic-onset juvenile chronic arthritis (S-JCA)
demonstrate a rise and fall in serum interleukin-6 (IL-6) that parallels the classic quotidian …

Mathematical models, which are based on a firm understanding of biological interactions,
can provide nonintuitive insights into the dynamics of host responses to infectious agents …

Tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα) is a potent immunomodulator and proinflammatory cytokine
that has been implicated in the pathogenesis of autoimmune and infectious diseases. For …

Plant biologists have long recognized that host defence against parasites and pathogens
can be divided into two conceptually different components: the ability to limit parasite burden …

Although specific bacteria, dental plaque, and age are associated with periodontal disease,
there are currently no reliable predictors of periodontitis severity. Studies in twins have …

Malaria is a major killer of children worldwide and the strongest known force for evolutionary
selection in the recent history of the human genome. The past decade has seen growing …

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to determine the frequency and clinical
significance of a systemic inflammatory response as defined by an elevated plasma …