Cancer immunotherapy has significantly flourished and revolutionized the limited
conventional tumor therapies, on account of its good safety and long-term memory ability …

Background The immune system interacts with cancer cells in various intricate ways that can
protect the individual from overproliferation of cancer cells; however, these interactions can …

Multimodal therapy requires effective drug carriers that can deliver multiple drugs to specific
locations in a controlled manner. Here, the study presents a novel nanoplatform constructed …

Currently, immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) therapies that target the programmed cell
death ligand-1 (PD-L1) have been used as revolutionary cancer treatments in the clinic …

Highlights•The most common ribonucleic acid interference (RNAi) therapeutics and the
extracellular and intracellular barriers to siRNA delivery were discussed.•We investigated …

While immunotherapy has emerged as a promising strategy to treat glioblastoma multiforme
(GBM), the limited availability of immunotherapeutic agents in tumors due to the presence of …

The success of personalized medicine in oncology relies on using highly effective and
precise therapeutic modalities such as small interfering RNA (siRNA) and monoclonal …

The tumor microenvironment (TME) is a complex system characterized by low oxygen, low
pH, high pressure, and numerous growth factors and protein hydrolases that regulate a wide …

Tumor vaccines aim to activate dormant or unresponsive tumor-specific T lymphocytes by
using tumor-specific or tumor-associated antigens, thus enhancing the body's natural …

Nanomedicine application in cancer therapy is an urgency because of inability of current
biological therapies for complete removal of tumor cells. The development of smart and …